Nobel Laureates: 2008

       List of nobel laureates in this year, who worked for the world. The Nobel Prize amount for 2008 is set at Swedish kronor (SEK) 10 million per full Nobel Prize.

 

Nobel Peace Prize

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Laureate : Martti Ahtisaari

Country : Finland

Citations : Former President of Finland, "for his important efforts, on several continents and over more than three decades, to resolve international conflicts"

 

Nobel Prize in Literature

 

Name : Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clezio

Nationality : France

Language : French

Citation : "author of new departures, poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy, explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization"

 

Nobel Prize in Physic

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Name : Makoto Kobayashi

Country : Japan

Rationale : "for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics, which predicts the existance of at least three families of quarks in nature"

 

Name : Toshihide Maskawa

Country : Japan

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Name : Yoichiro Nambu

Country : United States

Rationale : "for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics"

 

Nobel Prize in Chemistry

 

Name : Martin Chalfie

Country : United States

Name : Osamu Shimomura

Country : Japan

Name : Roger Y. Tsien

Country : United States

Rationale : "for the discovery and the development of the green fluroescent protein, GFP"

 

Nobel Prize in Medicine (Physiology)

 

Name : Harald zur Hausen

Country : Germany

Citation : "for his discovery of human papilloma viruses cervical cancer"

 

Name : Francoise Barre-Sinoussi & Luc Montagnier

Country : France

Citation : "for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus"

 

Nobel Prize in Economics

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Name : Paul Krugman

Nationality : United States

Citation : "for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity."

 

 

Source: >>> wiki

 

 

 

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Nobel Prize in Literature - 2

1953
Winston Churchill : United Kingdom : Language - English : for his mastery of historical and biographical describtion as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values.
1954
Ernest Hemingway : United States : Language - English : for his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in The Old Man and the Sea, and for the influence that he has exerted on contamporary style.
1955
Halldor Laxness : Iceland : Language - Icelandic : for his vivid epic power which has renewed the great narrative art of Iceland.
1956
Juan Ramon Jimenez : Spain : Language - Spanish : for his lyrical poetry, which in Spainish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical purity.
1957
Albert Camus : France : Language - French : for his important literary production, which with clear sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times.
1958
Boris Pasternak : Soviet Union : Language - Russian : for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition.
1959
Salvatore Quasimodo : Italy : Language - Italian : for his lyrical poetry, which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times.
1960
Saint-John Perse : France Language - French : for the soaring flight and the evocative imagery of his poetry which in a visionary fashion reflects the conditions of our times.
1961
Ivo Andric : Yugoslavia : Language - Serbo-Croat : for the epic force with which he has trace themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the history of his country.
1962
John Steinbeck : United States : Language - English : for his realistic and imaginative writings, combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception.
1963
Giorgos Seferis : Greece : Language - Greek : for his eminent lyrical writing, inspired by a deep feeling for the Hellenic world of culture.
1964
Jean-Paul Sartre : France : Language - French : for his work which, rich in ideas and filled with the spirit of freedom and the quest for truth, has exerted a far-reaching influence on our age.
1965
Mikhail Sholokhov : Soviet Union : Language - Russian : for the artistic power and integrity with which, in his epic of the Don, he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people.
1966
Shmuel Yosef Agnon : Israel : Language - Hebrew : for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people.
Nelly Sachs : Germany/Sweden : Language - German : for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing,which interprets Israel's density with touching strength.
1967
Miguel Angel Asturias : Guatemala : Language - Spanish : for his vivid litrary achievement, deep-rooted in the national traits and traditions of Indian people of Latin America.
1968
Yasunari Kawabata : Japan : Language - Japanese : for his narrative mastery, which with great sensibility expresses the essence of the Japanese mind.
1969
Samuel Beckett : Ireland : Language - English/French : for his writing, which - in new forms for the novel and drama - in the destitution of modern man acquiresits elevation.
1970
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn : Soviet Union : Language - Russian : for the ethical forcewith which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian Literature.
1971
Pablo Neruda : Chile : Language - Spanish : for a poetry that with the action of an elemental force brings alive a continent's destiny and dreams.
1972
Heinrich Boll : West Germany : Language - German : for his writing which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of German literature.
1973
Patrick White : Australia : Language - English : for an epic and psychological narrative art which has introduced a new continent into literature.
1974
Eyvind Johnson : Sweden : Language - Swedish : for a narrative art, farseeing and lands and ages, in the service of freedom.
Harry Martinson : Sweden : Language - Swedish : for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos.
1975
Eugenio Montale : Italy : Language - Italian : for his distinctive poetry which, with great artistic sensitivity, has interpreted human values under the sign of an outlook on life with no illusions.
1976
Saul Bellow : Canada/United States : Language - English : for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work.
1977
Vicente Aleixandre : Spain : Language - Spanish : for a creative poetic writing which illuminates man's condition in the cosmos and in present-day society, at the same time representing the great renewal of traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars.
1978
Isaac Bashevis Singer : Poland/United States : Language - Yiddish : for his impassioned narrative art which, with roots in a Polish-Jewish culture tradition, brings universal human conditions to life.
1979
Odysseas Elytis : Greece : Language - Greek : for his poetry, which, against the background of Greek tradition, depicts with sensuous strength and intellectual clear-sightedness modern man's struggle for freedom and creativeness.
1980
Czestaw Milosz : Poland/United States/Lithuania : Language - Polish : who with uncompromising clear-sightedness voices man's exposed condition on a world of severe conflicts.
1981
Elias Canetti : Bulgaria/United Kingdom : Language - German : for writings marked by a broad outlook, a wealth of ideas and artistic power.
1982
Gabriel Garcia Marquez : Colombia : Language - Sapnish : for his novels and short stories, in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination, reflecting a continent's life and conflicts.
1983
William Golding : United Kingdom : Language - English : for his novels which, with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth, illuminate the human condition in the world of today.
1984
Jaroslav Seifert : Czechoslovekia : Language - Czech : for his poetry which indowed with freshness, and rich inventiveness provides a liberating image of the indomitable spirit and versatility of man.
1985
Claude Simon : France : Language - French : who in his novel combines the poet's and the painter's creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the depiction of the human condition.
1986
Wole Soyinka : Nigeria : Language - English : in a wide cultural prespective with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existance.
1987
Joseph Brodsky : Soviet Union/United States : Language - Russian/English : for an all-embracing authorship, imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity.
1988
Naguib Mahfouz : Egypt : Language - Arabic : who, through works rich in nuance - now clear-sightedly realistic, now evocatively ambiguous - has formed an Arabian narrative art that applies to all mankind.
1989
Camilo Jose Cela : Spain : Language - Spanish : for a rich and intensive prose, which with restrained compasion forms a challenging vision of man's vulnerability.
1990
Octavio Paz : Mexico : Language - Spanish : for impessioned writing with wide horizons, characterized by sensuous intelligence and humanistic intergrity.
1991
Nadine Gordimer : South Africa : Language - English : who through her magnificent epic writing has - in the words of Alfred Nobel - been of very great benefit to humanity.
1992
Derek Walcott : Saint Lucia : Language - English : for a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity, sustained by a historical vision, the outcome of a multicultural commitment.
1993
Toni Morrison : United States : Language - English : who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import, gives life to ab essential aspect of American reality.
1994
Kenzaburo Oe : Japan : Language - Japanese : who with poetic force creates an imagined world, where life and myth condense to form a disconcerting picture of the human predicament today.
1995
Seamus Heaney : Ireland : Language - English : for works of lyrical bewauty and ethical deph, which exalt everyday miracles and the living past.
1996
Wislawa Szymborska : Poland : Language - Polish : for poetry that with ironic presision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality.
1997
Dario Fo : Italy : Language - Italian : who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the downtrodden.
1998
Jose Saramago : Portugal : Language - Portuguese : who with parables sustained by imagination, compassion and irony continually enables us once again to apprehend an elusory reality.
1999
Gunter Grass : Germany : Language - German : whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history.
2000
Gao Xingjain : People's Republic of China/France : Language - Chinese : for an oeurve of universal validity, bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity, which has opened new paths for the Chinese novel and drama.
2001
V. S. Naipaul : Trinidad and Tobago/United Kingdom : Language - English : for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel os to see the presence of suppressed histories.
2002
Imre Kertesz : Hungary : Language - Hungarian : for writing that upholds fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history.
2003
J. M. Coetzee : South Africa/Australia : Language - English : who innumerable guises portrays the suprising involvement of the outsider.
2004
Elfriede Jelinek : Austria : Language - German : for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society's cliches and their subjugating power.
2005
Harold Pinter : United Kingdom : Language - English : who in his plays uncovers the percipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed rooms.
2006
Orhan Pamuk : Turkey : Language - Turkish : who in the quest for the melancholic soul of his native city has discoverd new symbols for the clash and interlacing of cultures.
2007
Doris Lessing : United Kingdom : Language - English : that epicist of the female experience, who with scepticism, fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny.

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Nobel Prize in Literature - 1

1901
Sully Prudhomme : France : Language - French : In special recognition of his poetic composition, which gives evidence of lofty idealism, artistic perfection and a rare combination of the qualities of both heart and intellect.
1902
Theodor Mommsen : Germany : Language - German : the greatest living master of the art of historical writing, with special refrence to his monumental work, A History of Rome.
1903
Bjonstjerne Bjornson : Norway : Language - Norwagian : as a tribute to his nobel, magnificent and versatile poetry, which has always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspriation and the rare purity of its spirit.
1904
Frederic Mistral : France : Language - Occitan : in regonition of the fresh orginality and true inspiration of his poetic production, which faithfully reflects the natural scenary and native spirit of his people, and, in addition, his significant work as a Provencal philologist.
Jose Echegaray : Spain : Language - Spanish : in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which, in an individual and original manner, have revived the great traditions of the Spainish drama.
1905
Henryk Sienkiewicz : Poland : Language - Polish : because of his outstanding merits as an epic writer.
1906
Giosue Carducci : Italy : Language - Italian : not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research, but above all as a tribute to the creative energy, freshness of style, and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces.
1907
Rodyard Kipling : United Kingdom : Language - English : in consideration of the power of observation, orginality of imagination, virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration which characterize the creations of this world-famous author.
1908
Rudolf Christoph Eucken : Germany : Language - German : in recognation of his earnest search for truth, his penetrating power of thought, his wide range of vision, and the warmth and strength in presentation with which in his numerous works he has vindicated and developed an idealistic philosophy of life.
1909
Selma Lagerlof : Sweden : Language - Swedish : in appreciation of the lofty idealism, vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings.
1910
Paul Heyse : Germany : Language - German : as a tribute to the consummate artistry, permeated with idealism, which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet, dramatist, novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories.
1911
Maurice Maeterlinck : Belgium : French : in appreciation of his many-sided literary activities, and especially of his dramatic works, which are distinguished by a wealth of imaginating and a poetic fancy, which reveals, sometimes in the guise of a fairy tale, a deep inspiration, while in a mysterious way they appeal to the reader's own feelings and stimulate their imaginations.
1912
Gerhart Hauptmann : Germany : Language - German : primarily in recognition of his fruitful, varied and outstanding production in the realm dramatic art.
1913
Rabindranath Tagore : India : Language - Bangali : because of his profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse, by which, with consummate skill, he has made his poetic thought, expressed in his own English words, a part of literature of the West.
1914 no award
1915
Romain Rolland : Frence : Language - French : as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary production and to the sympathy and love of with which he has described different types of human beings.
1916
Verner von Heidenstam : Sweden : Language - Swedish : in recognition of his significance as the leading representative of a new era in our literature.
1917
Karl Adolph Gjellerup : Denmark : Language - Denish : for his varied and rich poetry, which is inspired by lofty ideals.
Henrik Pontoppidan : Denmark : Language - Denish : for his authentic descriptions of present-day life in Denmark.
1918 no award
1919
Carl Spitteler : Switzerland : Language - German : in special appreciation of hia epic, Olympian Spring.
1920
Knut Hamsun : Norway : Language - Norwegian : for his monumental work, Growth of the Soil.
1921
Anotole France : France : Language - French : in recognition of his brilliant literary achievements, characterized as they are by a nobility of style, a profound human sympathy, grace, and a true Gallic temperament.
1922
Jacinto Benavente : Spain : Language - Spanish : for the happy manner in which he has continued the illustrious traditions of the Spanish drama.
1923
William Butler Teats : Ireland : Language - English : for his always inspired poetry, which in a highly artistic from gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation.
1924
Wladyslaw Reymont : Poland : Language - Polish : for his national epic, The Peasants.
1925
George Bernard Show : Ireland : Language - English : for his work which is mark by both ideakism and humanity, its stimulating satire often being infused with a singular poetic beauty.
1926
Grazia Deledda : Italy : Language - Italian : for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general.
1927
Henri Bergson : France : Language - French : in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented.
1928
Sigrid Undset : Norway : Language - Norwegian : principally for her powerful describetions of northern life during the Middle Ages.
1929
Thomas Mann : Germany : Language - German : principally for his great nivel, Buddenbrooks, which has won steadily increased recognition as one of the classic works of contemporary literature.
1930
Sinclair Lewis : United States : Language - English : for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create, with wit and humour, new types of characters.
1931
Erik Axel Karlfeldt : Sweden : Language - Swedish : The poetry of Erik Axel Karlfeldt.
1932
John Galsworthy : United Kingdom : Language - English : for his distinguished art of narration which takes its highest form in The Forsyte Saga.
1933
Ivan Bunin : Russia : Language - Russian : for the strict artistry with which he has carried on the classical Russian traditions in prose writing.
1934
Luigi Pirandello : Italy : Language - Italian : for his bold and ingenious revival of dramatic and secenic art.
1935 no award
1936
Eugene O'Neill : United States : Language - English : for the power, honesty and deep-felt emotions of his dramatic works, which embody an original concept of tragedy.
1937
Roger Martin du Gard : France : Language - French : for the artistic power and truth with which he has depicted human conflic as well as some fundamental aspects of contemporary life in his novel cycle Les Thibult.
1938
Pearl S. Buck : United States : Language - English : for her rich and truely epic descriptions of peasant life in china and exquisite art with which he has portrayed their way of life and their relationship with Nature.
1940, 1941, 1942 and 1943 are no award
1944
Johannes Vilhelm Jensen : Denmark : Language - Denish : for the rare strength and fertility of his poetic imagination with which is combined an intellectual curiousity of wide scope and a bold, freshly creative style.
1945
Gabriela Mistral : Chile : Language - Spanish : for her lyric poetry which, inspired by powerful emotions, has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of hte entire Latin American world.
1946
Hermann Hesse : Germany/Switzerland : Language - German : for his inspired writings which, while growing in boldness and penetration, exemplified the classical humaniterians ideals and high qualities of style.
1947
Andre Gide : France : Language - French : for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings, in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight.
1948
T. S. Eliot : United Stated/United Kingdom : Language - English : for his outstanding, pioneer contribution to present-day poetry.
1949
William Faulkner : United States : Language - English : for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel.
1950
Bertrand Russell : United Kingdom : Language - English : in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought.
1951
Par Lagerkvist : Sweden : Language - Swedish : for the artistic vigour and true independence of mind with which he endeavours in his poetry to find answers to the eternal questions confronting mankind.
1952
Francois Mauriac : France : Language - French : for the deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity with which he has in his novels penetrated the drama of human life.

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Nobel Prize in Chemistry - 2

1961
Melvin Calvin : United States : for his research on carbon dioxide assimilation in plants.
1962
Max Ferdinand Perutz & John Cowdery Kendrew : United Kingdom : for their studies of the structures of globular proteins.
1963
Karl Ziegler : West Germany : for their discoveries relating to
Giulio Natta : Italy : high polymers.
1964
Dorthy Crowfoot Hodgkin : United Kingdom : for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structure of important biochemical substances.
1965
Robert Burns Woodward : United States : for his achievements in organis synthesis.
1966
Robert Sanderson Mulliken : United States : for his work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules.
1967
Manfred Eigen : West Germany : for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected
Ronald G. W. Norrish & George Porter : United Kingdom : by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy.
1968
Lars Onsager : Norway/United States : for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name.
1969
Derek H. R. Barton : United Kingdom : for their contributions to the development of the
Odd Hassel : Norway : concept of conformation.
1970
Luis F. Leloir : Argentina : for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates.
1971
Gerhard Herzberg : Canada : for his contributions to electronic structure and the geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals.
1972
Christian B. Anfinsen : United States : for his work on ribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation.
Stanford Moore & William H. Stein : United States : for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule.
1973
Ernst Otto Fischer : West Germany : for their pioneering work, performed independently, on the
Geoffrey Wilkinson : United Kingdom : chemistry of the organometallic, so called sandwich compounds.
1974
Paul J. Flory : United States : for his fundamental work, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of macromolecules.
1975
John Warcup Cornfort : Australia/United Kingdom : for his work on the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions.
Vladimir Prelog : Croatia/Switzerland : for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions.
1976
William Nunn Lipscomb, Jr. : United States : for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating froblems of chemical bonding.
1977
Ilya Prigogine : Belgium : for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures.
1978
Peter D. Mitchell : United Kingdom : for his contribution to the understaning of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory.
1979
Herbert C. Brown : United States : for their development of the use of boron and phosphorus
Georg Wittig : West Germany : containing compounds, respectively, into reagents in organic synthesis.
1980
Paul Berg : United States : for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular redard to recombinant-DNA.
Walter Gilbert : United States : for their contributions concerning the determination of base
Frederick Sanger : United Kingdom : sequences in nucleic acids.
1981
Kenichi Fukui : Japan : for their theories concerning the course of
Roald Hoffmann : United States : chemical reactions.
1982
Aaron Klug : South Africa/United Kingdom : for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes.
1983
Henry Taube : United States : for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions.
1984
Robert Bruce Merrifield : United States : for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix.
1985
Herbert A. Hauptman & Jerome Karle : United States : for their achievements in developing direct methods for the determination of crystal structures.
1986
Dudley R. Herschbach : United States : for their contributions concerning
Yuan T. Lee : Taiwan/United States : the dynamics of chemical
John C. Polanyi : Canada : elementary processes.
1987
Donald J. Cram & Charles J. Pedersen : United States : for their development and use of
Jean-Marie Lehn : France : molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity.
1988
Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber & Hartmut Michel : West Germany : for their determination of the three-demensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre.
1989
Sidney Altmen : Canada/United States : for their discovery of
Thomas R. Cech : United States : catalytic properties of RNA.
1990
Elias James Corey : United States : for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis.
1991
Richard R. Ernst : Switzerland : for his contributions to the development of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
1992
Rudolph A. Marcus : United States : for his contribution to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems.
1993
Kary B. Mullis : United States : for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method.
Michael Smith : Canada : for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based, site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies.
1994
George A. Olah : Hungary/United States : for his contribution to carbocation chemistry.
1995
Paul J. Crutzen : Netherlands : for their work in
Mario J. Molina : Mexico : atmospheric chemistry, in
F. Sherwood Rowland : United States : particular ozone depletion.
1996
Robert Carl & Richard Smalley : United States : for their
Sir Harold Kroto : United Kingdom : discovery of fullerenes.
1997
Paul D. Boyer : United States : for their elucidation of the enzymetic mechanism underlying
John E. Walker : United Kingdom : the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate.
Jens C. Skou : Denmark : for his discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme.
1998
Walter Kohn : United States : for hi development of the density funtional theory.
John A. Pople : United Kingdom : for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry.
1999
Ahmed H. Zewail : Egypt/United States : for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy and plastic studies.
2000
Alan J. Heeger : United States : for their discovery and
Alan G. MacDiarmid : New Zealand/United States : development of
Hideki Shirakawa : Japan : conductive polymers.
2001
William S. Knowles : United States : for their work on chirally catalysed
Ryoji Noyori : Japan : hydrogenation reactions.
K. Barry Sharpless : United States : for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reaction, Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation.
2002
John B. Fenn : United States : for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for
Koichi Tanaka : Japan : mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules.
Kurt Wuthrich : Switzerland : for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution.
2003
Peter Agre : United States : for the discovery of water channels.
Roderick MacKinnon : United States : for structural and mechanistic studies of ions channels.
2004
Aaron Ciechanover & Avram Hershko : Israel : for the discovery of
Irwin Rose : United States : ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation.
2005
Robert Grubbs & Richard Schrock : United States : for the development of the
Yves Chauvin : France : metathesis method in organic synthesis.
2006
Roger D. Kornberg : United Stated : for his studies of molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription.
2007
Gerhard Ertl : Germany : for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces.

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Nobel Prize in Chemistry - 1

1901
Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff : Netherlands : for his discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions.
1902
Hermann Emil Fischer : Germany : for his work on sugar and purine syntheses.
1903
Svante August Arrhenius : Sweden : for his electrolytic theory of dissociation.
1904
Sir William Ramsay : United Kingdom : for his discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air, and his determination of their place in the periodic system.
1905
Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer : Germany : for his work on dyes and hydroaromatic compounds.
1906
Henri Moissan : France : for his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine, and for the electric furnace named after him.
1907
Eduard Buchner : Germany : for his biochemical research and his discovery of cell-free fermentation.
1908
Ernest Rutherford : New Zealand/United Kingdom : for his investigations into the disintergration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances.
1909
Wilhelm Ostwald : Germany : his work on catalysis and for his investigation into chemical equilibra and rates of reaction.
1910
Otto Wallach : Germany : for his work in the field of alicyclic compounds.
1911
Maria Sklodowska-Curie : Poland/France : for her discovery of radium and polonium.
1912
Victor Grignard : France : for his the discovery of the Grignard reagent.
Paul Sabatier : Frnace : for his method of hrdrogenating organic compounds.
1913
Alfred Werner : Switzerland : for his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules.
1914
Theodore William Richards : United States : for his determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of elemnets.
1915
Richard Martin Willstatter : Germany : for his research on plant pigments.
1916 no award
1917 no award
1918
Fritz Haber : Germany : for his synthesis of ammonia.
1919 no award
1920
Walther Hermann Nernst : Germany : for his work in thermochemistry.
1921
Frederick Soddy : United Kingdom : for his work on the chemistry of radioactive substances and investigations into isotopes.
1922
Francis William Aston : Untied Kingdom : for his discovery of isotopes in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his whole number rule.
1923
Fritz Pregl : Austria : for his invention of the method of micro-nalysis of organic substances.
1924 no award
1925
Richard Adolf Zsigmondy : Germany : for his demonstration of the heterogeneous nature of colloid solutions and the methods used.
1926
Theodor Svedberg : Sweden : for his work on disperse systems.
1927
Heinrich Otto Wieland : Germany : for his investigations of the bile acids and related substances.
1928
Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus : Germany : for his research into sterols and their connection with vitamins.
1929
Arthur Harden : United Kingdom : for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and
Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin : Sweden : fermentative enzymes.
1930
Hans Fischer : Germany : for his research into haemin and chlorophyll.
1931
Carl Bosch & Friedrich Bergius : Germany : for their contributions to chemical high pressure methods.
1932
Irving Langmuir : United States : for his work in surface chemistry.
1933 no award
1934
Harold Clayton Urey : United States : for his discovery of heavy hydrogen.
1935
Frederic Joliot & Irene Joliot-Curie : France : for their synthesis of new radioactive elements.
1936
Petrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus Debye : Netherlands : for his work on molecular structure through investigations on dipole moments and the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases.
1937
Walter Norman Haworth : United Kingdom : for his work on carbohydrates and vitamin C.
Paul Karrer : Switzerland : for his work on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2.
1938
Richard Kuhn : Germany : for his work on carotenoids and vitamins.
1939
Adolf Butenandt : Germany : for his work on sex hormones.
Leopold Ruzicka : Croatia/Switzerland : for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes.
1940 no award
1941 no award
1942 no award
1943
George de Hevesy : Hungary : for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers to study chemical processes.
1944
Otto Hahn : Germany : for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei.
1945
Artturi Ilmari Virtanen : Finland : for his research and investigations in agricaltural and nutrition chemistry, especially for his fodder preservation method.
1946
James Batcheller Sumner : United States : for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized.
John Howard Northrop & Wendell Meredith Stanley : United States : for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form.
1947
Sir Robert Robinson : United Kingdom : for his investigations on plant products, especially the alkaloids.
1948
Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius : Sweden : for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis.
1949
William Francis Giauque : United States : for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics.
1950
Otto Paul Hermann Diels & Kurt Alder : West Germany : for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis. Diels-Alder reaction.
1951
Edwin Mattison McMillan & Glenn Theodore Seaborg : United States : for their discoveries in the chemistry of transuranium elements.
1952
Archer John Porter Martin & Richard Laurence Millington Synge : United Kingdom : for their invention of partition chromatography.
1953
Hermann Staudinger : West Germany : for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry.
1954
Linus Carl Pauling : United States : for his research into the nature of the chemical bound.
1955
Vincent du Vigneaud : United States : for his work on sulphur compounds, especially the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone.
1956
Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood : United Kingdom : for their research into the mechanism of
Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov : Soviet Union : chemical reactions.
1957
Sir Alexander Todd : United Kingdom : for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes.
1958
Frederick Sanger : United Kingdom : for his work on the structure of proteins, especially insulin.
1959
Jaroslav Heyrovsky : Czechoslovakia : for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis.
1960
Willard Frank Libby : United States : for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination.


Source : Wiki

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Physic lama Nobel Prize Dawngte - 2

1952
Felix Bloch : Switzerland : for their development of new methods nuclear magnetic precision
Edward Mills Purcell : United States : measurements and discoveries in connection therewith
1953
Frits Zernike : Netherlands : for his demonstration of the phase contrast method, especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope
1954
Max Born : Germany/ 1939 United Kingdom : for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction.
Walther Bothe : West Germany : for the concidence method and his discoveries made therewith
1955
Willis Eugene Lamb : United States : for his discoveries concern the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum ( Lamb shift )
Polykarp Kusch : United States : for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron
1956
William Bradford Shockley, John Bardeen & Walter Houser Brattain : United States : for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect
1957
Chen Ning Yang : People's Republic of China : for their penetrating investigation of the so-called
Tsung-Dao Lee : United States : parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles
1958
Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov, Il'ya Frank & Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm : Soviet Union : for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov-Vavilov effect
1959
Emilio Gino Segre & Owen Chamberlain : Unites States : for their discovery of the antiproton
1960
Donald Arthur Glaser : United States : for the invention of the "bubble chamber"
1961
Roberty Hofstadter : United States : for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons.
Rudolf Ludwig Mossbauer : West Germany : for his researches concerning the resonance absorbtion of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name " Mossbauer effect"
1962
Lev Davidovich Landau : Soviet Union : for his pioneering theories for condensed matter, especially liquid helium.
1963
Eugene Paul Waigner : Hungary/ United States : for his contribution to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles.
Maria Goeppert-Mayer : United States : for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell
J. Hans D. Jensen : West Germany : structure.
1964
Charles Hard Townes : United States : for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics,
Nicolay Gennadiyevich Basov : Soviet Union : which has led to the construction of oscillators and Aleksandr Prokhorov : Australia/Soviet Union : amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle.
1965
Sin-Itiro Tomonaga : Japan : for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with
Julian Schwinger : United States : deepploughing consequences for the physics of
Richard Phillips Feynman : United States : elementary particles.
1966
Alfred Kastler : France : for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms.
1967
Hans Albrecht Bethe : United States : for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars.
1968
Luis Walter Alvarez : United States : fir his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics, in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states, made possible through his development of technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis.
1969
Murray Gell-Mann : United States : for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interctions ( Eightfoly way).
1970
Hannes Olof Gosta Alfven : Sweden : for fundamental work and discoveries in magneto-hydrodynamics with fruitful applications in different parts of plasma physics.
Louis Eugene Felix Neel : France : for fundamental work and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism which have led to important applications in solid state physics.
1971
Dennis Gabor : United Kingdom : for his invention and development of the holographic method.
1972
John Bardeen, Leon Neil Cooper & John Robert Schrieffer : United States : for their joinly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory.
1973
Leo Esaki : Japan : for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in
Ivar Giaever : Norway/United States : semiconductors and superconductors, respectively.
Brian David Josephson : United Kingdom : for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier, in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the josephson effect.
1974
Martin Ryle & Antony Hewish : United Kingdom : for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions, in particular of the aperture synthesis technique, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars.
1975
Aage Niels Bhor & Ben Roy Mottelson : Denmark : for the discovery of the connection between of Leo James Rainwater : United States : the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection.
1976
Burton Richter & Samuel Chao Chung Ting : United States : for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind. It confirmed the idea that baryonic matter is made out of quarks.
1977
Philip Warren Anderson & John Hasbrouck van Vleck : United States : for their fundamental
Nevill Francis Mott : United Kingdom : theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of mahnetic and disordered system
1978
Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa : Soviet Union : for his basic invention and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics.
Arno Allan Penzias & Robert Woodrow Wilson : United States : for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation.
1979
Sheldon Lee Glashow & Steven Weinberg : United States : for their contributions to the theory of Abdus Salam : Pakistan : the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementry particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current.
1980
James Watson Cronin & Val Logsdon Fitch : Untied States : for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons ( CP-violation).
1981
Nicolaas Bloembergen & Arthur Leonard Schawlow : United States : for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy.
Kai Manne Borje Siegbahn : Sweden : for his contribution to the development of high resolution electron spectroscopy.
1982
Kenneth G. Wilson : United States : for his theory for critical phenomina in connection with phase transitions.
1983
Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar: India/United States : for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars ( Chandrasekhar limit).
William Alfred Fowler : United States : for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe.
1984
Carlo Rubbia : Italy : for their decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the
Simon van der Meer : Netherlands : discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction.
1985
Klaus von Klitzing : West Germany : for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect.
1986
Ernst Ruska : West Germany : for his fundamental work in electron optics, and for the design of the first electron microscope.
Gerd Binnig : West Germany : for their design of the scanning tunneling
Heinrich Rohrer : Switzerland : microscope.
1987
Johannes Georg Bednorz : West Germany : for their important break-through in the discovery
Karl Alexander Muller : Switzerland : of superconductivity in cerimic materials.
1988
Leon Max Lederman, Melvin Schwartz & Jack Steinberger : United States : for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino.
1989
Norman Foster Ramsey : United States : for the invention of the sperated oscillatory fields method and its used in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks.
Hans Georg Dehmelt : United States : for the development of
Wolfgang Paul : West Germany : the ion trap technique.
1990
Jerome I. Friedman & HenryWay Kendall : United States : for their pioneering investigations
Richard E. Taylor : Canada : concerning deep inelastic scettering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics.
1991
Pierre-Gilles de Gennes : France : for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers.
1992
Georges Charpak : France : for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber.
1993
Russel Alan Hulse & Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr. : United States : for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation.
1994
Bertram Brockhouse : Canada : for the development of neutron spectroscopy and for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scettering techniques for studies of condense matter.
Clifford Glenwood Shull : United States : for the development of the neutron diffraction technique and for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scettering techniques for studies of condense matter.
1995
Martin Lewis Perl : United States : for the discovery of the tau lepton and for pioneering experimental contributions to lepton physics.
Frederick Reines : United States : for the detection of the neutrino and for pioneering experimental contributions to lepton physics.
1996
David Morris Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff & Robert Coleman Richardson : United States : for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3.
1997
Steven Chu : United States : for development of methods to
Claude Cohen-Tannoudji : France : cool and trap atoms with
William Daniel Phillips : United States : laser light ( Laser cooling )
1998
Robert B. Laughlin : United States : for their discovery of a new form of
Horst Ludwig Stormer : Germany : quantum fluid with
Daniel Chee Tsui : United States : fractionally charged excitations ( Quantum Hall effect )
1999
Gerardus 't Hooft & Martinus J.G. Veltman : Netherlands : for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics.
2000
Zhores Ivanovich Alferov : Russia : for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in
Herbert Kroemer : Germany : high-speed and optoelectronics.
Jack St. Clair Kilby : United States : for his part in the invention of the intergrated circuit.
2001
Eric Allin Cornell : United States : for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute
Wolfgang Ketterle : Germany : gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of
Carl Edwin Wieman : United States : the properties of the condensates.
2002
Raymond Davis Jr. : United States : for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for Masatoshi Koshiba : Japan : the detection of cosmic neutrinos.
Riccardo Giacconi : United States : for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources.
2003
Alexei Alexeevich Abrikosov : Russia : for pioneering contributions to the
Vitaly Lazarevich Ginzburg : Russia : theory of superconductors and
ony JamesAnth Leggett : United Kingdom : superfluids.
2004
David J. Gross, H. David Politzer & Frank Wilczek : United States : for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction.
2005
Roy J. Glauber : United States : for his contribution to the theory of optical coherence
John L. Hall : United States : for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision
Theodor W. Hansch : Germany : spectroscopy, including the optical freequincy comb technique.
2006
MJohn C. ather & George F. Smoot : United States : for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation.
2007
Albert Fert : France : for the discovery of
Peter Grunberg : Germany : giant magnetoresistance.

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Physic lama Nobel Prize Dawngte - 1

Kum 2007 thleng hian lawmman dawng mi 180 an awm.

1901
Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen : Germany : Discovery of " X-Rays "
1902
Hendrik Lorentz & Pieter Zeeman : Netherlands : Theis researches into the influence of "magnetism" upon radiation phenomena ( Zeeman effect )
1903
Antoine Henri Becquerel : France : His discovery of apontaneous radioactivity
Pierre Curie : France : Their joint researches on the rediation phenomena discovered by
Marie Curie : Poland/France : Professor Henri Becquerel
1904
John William Strutt (Lord Rayleigh) : United Kingdom : for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of "argon" in connection with these studies
1905
Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard : Germany : for hid work on "cathode rays"
1906
J. J. Thomson : United Kingdom : in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases
1907
Albert Abraham Michelson : United States : for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic ang metrological investigations carried out with their aid
1908
Gabriel Lippmann : France : for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference
1909
Guglielmo Marconi : Italy : in recognition of their contributions to the development
Karl Ferdinand Braud : Germany : of wireless telegraphy
1910
Johannes Diderik van der Waals : Netherlands : for his work on the equatiuon of state for gases and liquids
1911
Wilhelm Wien : Germany : for his discoveries regarding the laws governing the rediation of heat
1912
Nils Gustaf Dalen : Sweden : invention of "automatic values" designesd to be used in combination with gas accumulators in lighthouses and light-buoys
1913
Heike Kalerlingh-Onnes : Netherlands : for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led, inter alia, to production of liquid helium
1914
Max von Laue : Germany : for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals
1915
William Henry Bragg : Australia/United Kingdom :
William Lawrence Bragg : Australia/United Kingdom : for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays
1916 No Award
1917
Charles Glover Barkla : United Kingdom : for his discovery of the characteristic Rontgen radiation of elements
1918
Max Planck : Germany : for his discovery of energy quanta ( Planck constant )
1919
Johannes Stark : Germany : for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields
1920
Charles Edouard Guillaume : Switzerland : for his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys
1921
Albert Einstein : Germany/Switzerland : for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect
1922
Niels Bohr : Denmark : for his servies in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them
1923
Robert Andrews Millikan : United States : for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect
1924
Manne Siegbahn : Sweden : for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy
1925
James Franck & Gustav Hertz : Germany : for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom
1926
Jean Baptise Perrin : France : for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter, and especially for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium
1927
Arthur Holly Compton : United States : for his discovery of the effect names after him "Compton effect"
Charles Thomson Rees Wilson : United Kingdom : for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour "cloud chamber"
1928
Owen Willans Richardson : United Kingdom : for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him.
1929
Prince Louis-Victor Pierre Raymond de Broglie : France : for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons (De Broglie hypothesis)
1930
Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman : India : for his work on the scattering of light andfor the discovery of the effect named after him
1931 No Award
1932
Werner Heinsenberg : Germany : for the creation of quantum mechanics
1933
Erwin Schrodinger : Austria : for the discovery of new productive forms of
Paul Dirac : United Kingdom : atomic theory
1934 No Award
1935
James Chadwick : United Kingdom : for the discovery of the neutron
1936
Victor Francis Hess : Austria : for his discovery of cosmic radiation
Carl David Anderson : United States : for his discovery of the positron
1937
Clinton Joseph Davisson : United States : for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of
George Paget Thomson : United Kingdom : electrons by crystal (wave-particale duality)
1938
Enrico Fermi : Italy : for his demonstrations of the existance of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons
1939
Ernest Lawrence : United States : for the invention and development of the cyclotron
1940, 1941, 1942 No Award
1943
Otto Stern : Germany/United States : for his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton
1944
Isidor Isaac Rabi : United States : for his resonence method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei
1945
Wolfgang Pauli : Austria : for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle (Pauli principle)
1946
Percy Williams Bridgman : United States : for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures, and for the discoveries he made there within the field of high pressure physics
1947
Edward Victor Appleton : United Kingdom : for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the so-called Appleton layer
1948
Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett : United Kingdom : for his delopment of the Wilson cloud chamber method, and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation
1949
Hideki Yukawa : Japan : for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces " Yukawa potential "
1950
Cecil Frank Powell : United Kingdom : for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method
1951
John Douglas Cockcroft : United Kingdom : for their pioneering work on the transmutation of
Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton : Ireland : atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles

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Nobel Peace Prize Dawngte

Nobel Peace Prize hi kum 1901 atang pek tan ve tho a ni. Alfred Nobel-a sawi angin Norway khawpui Oslo-ah December thla ni 10 ah pek thin a ni. Nobel Peace Prize tih loh lawmman dang zawng chu Stockholm, Sweden-ah hlan a ni. Economics lawmman tih loh a dang zawng chu 1901 atanga pek tan vek a ni.




1901
Frederic Passy : France : Founder and President of Societe d'arbitrage entre les Nations
Henry Dunant : Switzerland : Founder of International Red Cross Committee, Geneva
1902
Elie Ducommun : Switzerland : Honorary Secretary, Permanent International Peace Bureau, in Berne
Charles Albert Gobat : Switzerland : Honorary Secretary, Permanent International Peace Bureau, in Berne
1903
William Randal Cremer : United Kingdom : Secretary, International Arbitration League
1904
Institut de Droit International : Belgium
1905
Bertha Sophie Felicitas : Austria-Hungary : Honorary President, Permanent International Peace Bureau
Baronin von Suttner : Austria-Hungary : Honorary President, Permanent International Peace Bureau
1906
Theodore Roosevelt : United States : President of United States, peace treaty collaborations
1907
Ernesto Teodoro Moneta : Italy : President, Lombard League of Peace
Louis Renault : France : Professor of International Law
1908
Klas Pontus Arnoldson : Sweden : Swedish Peace and Arbitration Association hmuchhuaktu
Fredrik Bajer : Denmark : Honorary President, Permanent International Peace Bureau
1909
Auguste Marie Francois : Belgium : Member of the Cour Internationale d'Arbitrage
Beernaert : Belgium : Member of the Cour Internationale d'Arbitrage
Paul-Henri-Benjamin : France : Founder and President of the French parlimentary group for international arbitration
d'Estournelles de Constant : France : Founder of the "Comite de defense des interets nationaux et de conciliation internationale"
1910
International Peace Bureau : Switzerland : Berne
1911
Tobias Michael Carel Asser : Netherlands : initiator of the "International Conferences of Private Law" in The Hague
Alfred Hermann Fried : Austria-Hungary : founder of "Die Waffen Nieder"
1912
Elihu Root : United States : for initiating varius arbitration agreememts
1913
Henri La Fontaine : Belgium : President of the Permanent International Peace Bureau
1914, 1915, 1916 are reserved
1917
International Committee of the Red Cross : Switzerland
1918 Reserved
1919
Woodrow Wilson : United States : President of United States, as foremost promoter of the League of Nations
1920
Leon Victor Auguste Bourgeois : France : president of the Council of League of Nations
1921
Hjalmar Branting : Sweden : prime minister, Swedish delegate to the Council of the League of Nations
Christian Lous Lange : Norway : secretary-general of the Inter-Parlimentary Union
1922
Fridtjof Nansen : Norway : Norwegian delegate to the League of Nations
1923, 1924 Reserved
1925
Austen Chamberlain : United Kingdom : for the Locarno Treaties
Charles Gates Dawes : United States : chairman of the Allied Reparations Commission
1926
Aristide Briand : France : for the Locarno Treaties
Gustav Stresemann : Germany : for the Locarno Treaties
1927
Ferdinand Buisson : France : founder and president of the League for Human Rights
Ludwig Quidde : Germany : delegate to numerous peace conferences
1928 Reserves
1929
Frank B. Kellogg : United States : for the Kellogg-Briand Pact
1930
Nathan Soderblom : Sweden : leader of the ecumenical movement
1931
Jane Addams : United States : international president of the Women's International League foe Peace and Freedom
Nicholas Murray Butler : United States : for promoting the Kellogg-Briand Pact
1932 Reserved
1933
Sir Norman Angell : United Kingdom : writer, member of the Executive Committee of the League of Nations and the National Peace Council
1934
Arthur Henderson : United Kingdom : chairman of the League of Nations Disarmament Conference
1935
Carl von Ossietzky : Germany : pacifist journalist
1936
Carlos Saavedra Lamas : Argentina : president of the League of Nations and mediator in the Chaco War
1937
Robert Cecil : United Kingdom : founder and president of the International Peace Campaign
1938
Nansen International Office For Refugees : Switzerland
1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943 Reserved
1944
International Committee of the Red Cross : Switzerland
1945
Cordell Hull : United States : for co-initiating the United Nations
1946
Emily Greene Balch : United States : honorary international president of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom
John R. Mott : United States : chairman of the International Missionary Council and president of the World Alliance of Young Men's Christian Associations
1947
Friends Service Council : United Kingdom : on behalf of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers)
American Friends Service Committee : United States
1948 Reserved
1949
Lord Boyd-Orr : United Kingdom : director general Food and Agricultural Organization, president National Peace Council, president World Union of Peace Organizations
1950
Ralph Bunche : United States : for mediating in Palestine ( 1948 )
1951
Leon Jouhaux : France : president of the International Committee of the European Council,
1952
Albert Schweitzer : France : for his philosophy of "Reverence for Life"
1953
George Catlett Marshall : United States : for the Marshall Plan
1954
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees : United Nations
1955, 1956 Reserved
1957
Lester Bowles Pearson : Canada : President of 7th session of the United Nations General Assembly for introducing peacekeeping forces to resolve the Suez Crisis
1958
Georges Pire : Belgium : leader of L'Europe du Coeur au Service du Monde
1959
Philip Noel-Baker : United Kingdom : for his lifelong ardent work for international peace and co-operation
1960
Albert Lutuli : South Africa : President, African National Congress
1961
Dag Hammarskjold : Sweden : Secretary-General, United Nations (posthumous)
1962
Linus Carl Pauling : United States : for his campaign against nuclear weapons testing
1963
International Committee of the Red Cross : Switzerland
League of Red Cross Societies : Switzerland
1964
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. : United States : Leader of Southern Christian Leadership Conference, campaigner for civil rights
1965
United Nations International Children's Emergency Fun (UNICEF) : United Nations
1966, 1967 Reserved
1968
Rene Cassin : France : President, European Court of Human Rights
1969
International Labour Organization ( ILO ) : United Nations
1970
Norman Borlaug : United States : for research at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center
1971
Willy Brandt : West Germany : for West Germany's Ostpolitik, embodying a new attitude towards Eastern Europe and East Germany
1972 Reserved
1973
Henry A. Kissinger : United States : The Vietnam peace accord
Le Duc Tho : North Vietnam : The Vietnam peace accord
1974
Sean MacBride : Ireland : president of the International Peace Bureau
Eisaku Sato : Japan
1975
Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov : Soviet Union : Campaigns for Human Rights
1976
Betty Williams : United Kingdom : Founder of the Community of Peace People
Mairead Corrigan : United Kingdom : Founder of the Community of Peace People
1977
Amnesty International : United Kingdom : Campaign against torture
1978
Mahamed Anwar Al-Sadat : Egypt : for negotiating peace between Egypt and Israel
Menachem Begin : Israel : for negotiating peace between Egypt and Israel
1979
Mother Teresa : India : Poverty awareness campaigner and her service to humanity
1980
Adolfo Perez Esguivel : Argentina : Human rights advocate
1981
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees : United Nations
1982
Alva Myrdal : Sweden : Treaty of Tlatelolco
Alfonso Garcia Robles : Mexico : Treaty of Tlatelolco
1983
Lech Walesa : Poland : Founder of Solidarnosc, campaigner for human rights
1984
Desmond Mpilo Tutu : South Africa : Anti-apartheid
1985
International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War : United States
1986
Elie Wiesel : United States : author, Holocaust survivor "for his message of peace"
1987
Oscar Arias Sanchez : Costa Rica : for initiating peace negotiations in Central America
1988
United Nations Peace-Keeping Forces : United Nations
1989
Tenzin Gyatso : Tibet : for his consistent resistance to the use of violence in his people's struggle to regain their freedom
1990
Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev : Soviet Union : for hid leading role peace process which today characterizes important parts of the international community
1991
Aung San Suu Kyi : Myanmar : for her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights
1992
Rigoberta Menchu : Guatemala : in recognition of her work for social justice and ethno-cultural reconciliaion
1993
Nelson Mandela : South Africa : for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa
Frederik Willem de Klerk : South Africa : for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa
1994
Yasser Arafat : Palestine : for his efforts to create peace in the Middle East
Shimon Peres : Israel : for his efforts to create peace in the Middle East
Yitzhak Rabin : Israel : for his efforts to create peace in the Middle East
1995
Joseph Rotblat : Poland
Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs :United Kingdom and Canada
1996
Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo : Timor-Leste : for their work towards a just and pesceful solution to
Jose Ramos-Horta : Timor-Leste : the conflic in East Timor
1997
Ban Landmines : United States : for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel
Jody Williams : United States : mines
1998
John Hume : Ireland : Awarded for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflic in
David Trimble : United Kingdom : Northern Ireland
1999
Medecins Sans Frontieres : Belgium : in recognition of the organization's pioneering humanitarian work on several continents
2000
Kim Dae Jung : South Korea : for his work for democracy and human rights in south Korea and in East Asia in general
2001
United Nations : United Nations : for their work for a better organized and
Kofi Annan : Ghana : more peaceful world
2002
James Earl (Jimmy) Carter Jr. : United States : President of the United States, for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solution to international conflicts
2003
Shirin Ebadi : Iran : for her efforts for democracy and human rights
2004
Wangari Maathai : Kenya : for her contribution to sustainable development, democracy and peace
2005
International Atomic Energy Agency : United Nations : for their efforts to prevent nuclear
Mohamed ElBaradei : Egypt : energy form being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way
2006
Mohammad Yunus : Bangladesh : for advancing economic and social opportunities for the poor,
Grameen Bank : Bangladesh : especially women, through their pioneering microcredit work
2007
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Cchange : United Nations : for their efforts to build up and
Al Gore : United States : disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change

Source : Wiki

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Economics lama Nobel Prize Dawngte

Alfred Bernhard Nobel
Nobel Prize lo awm chhan hi Alfred Bernhard Nobel-a'n a thih dawn tepa a lehkha hnu hnung bera a tarlan angin kawng a bithliah chin lama mihlawhtlingte hnenah lawmman hlan kha a ni. A chhung leh khat lainate sem tura a tih chin a pek zat tur a bithliah den den hnuah a sum neih tam tak la awm chu kawng then khata mihlawhtlingte tana a hnutchhiah kha! A pa hi Immanuel Nobel a ni a, lei siam leh building saa ( construction ) ei zawng mi a ni. Alfred Nobel-a'n Dynamite a siam chhuah an hman na ber chu tlang verhkuak nante, lungpui tihkeh nante leh construction lam pang kawng tam takah hman a ni. Economic lawmman hi 1969 kum atang pek tan a ni. Sweden's Central Bank in( Sveriges Riksbank ) Alfred Nobel-a hriatrengna atana an telh a ni. Lawmman an peknate: Nobel Prize in Physic, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Medicine, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Peace Prize leh Prize in Economic.

1969 - Ragnar Frisch and Jan Tinbergen
1970 - Paul A. Samuelson
1971 - Simon Kuznets
1972 - John R. Hicks and Kenneth J. Arrow
1973 - Wassily Leontief
1974 - Gunnar Myrdal, Friedrich August von Hayek
1975 - Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich, Tjalling C. Koopmans
1976 - Milton Friedman
1977 - Bertil Ohlin, James E. Meade
1978 - Herbert A. Simon
1979 - Theodore W. Schultz, Sir Arthur Lewis
1980 - Lawrence R. Klein
1981 - James Tobin
1982 - George J. Stingler
1983 - Gerard Debreu
1984 - Richard Stone
1985 - Franco Modigliani
1986 - James M. Buchanan Jr.
1987 - Robert M. Solow
1988 - Maurice Allias
1989 - Trygve Haavelmo
1990 - Harry M. Markowitz, Merton H. Miller, William F. Sharpe
1991 - Ronald H. Coase
1992 - Gary S. Becker
1993 - Robert W. Fogel, Douglass C. North
1994 - John C. Harsanyi, John F. Nash Jr., Reinhard Selten
1995 - Robert E. Lucas Jr.
1996 - James A. Mirrlees, William Vickrey
1997 - Robert C. Merton, Myron S. Scholes
1998 - Amartya Sen
1999 - Robert A. Mandell
2000 - James J. Heckman, Daniel L. McFadden
2001 - George A. Akerlof, A. Michael Spence, Joseph E. Stiglitz
2002 - Daniel Kahneman, Vernon L. Smith
2003 - Robert F. Engle III, Clive W.J. Granger
2004 - Finn E. Kydland, Edward C. Prescott
2005 - Robert J. Aumann, Thomas C. Schelling
2006 - Edmund S. Phelps
2007 - Leonid Hurwicz, Eric S. Maskin, Roger B. Myerson

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Some Nobel Prize Winners

1. Sir Clair Lewis - Born: February 7, 1885
First Nobel Prize-winning American Novelist ( Elmer Gantry; Main Street )

2. Toni Morrison - Born: February 18, 1931
Pulitzer and Nobel Prize-winning American Author ( Beloved; Song of Solomon; Jazz )

3. John Steinbeck - Born: February 27, 1902
Nobel Prize-winning American Author ( The Grapes of Wrath; Of Mice and Men; East of Eden )

4. Wilhelm Konrad Rontgen - Born: March 27, 1845
Nobel Prize-winning German Physicist who discovered x-rays

5. Walther Bothe - Born: January 8, 1891
German Physicist, Nobel Prize-winning

6. Martin Kuther King, Jr. - Born: January 15, 1929
American Civil Rights Leader and winner of Nobel Peace Prize

7. Max Theiler - Born: January 30, 1899
American Microbiologist who won the Nobel Prize in 1951 for his work in combating yellow fever

8. Anatole Franco - Born: April 16, 1844
Nobel Prize-winning, French Writer

9. Max Planck - Born: April 23, 1858
Nobel Prize-winning German Physicist, originator of Quantum Theory

10. Sir George Thomson - Born: May 3, 1892
British Physicist, Nobel Prize winner in 1937 for his demonstration of electron diffraction

11. Pierre Curie - Born: May 15, 1859
French Physicist and Nobel Prize winner, co-discoverer of radium ( with his wife Marie )

12. Bertrand Russell - Born: May 18, 1872
English Philosopher, Mathematician, and Nobel Prize Winner

13. John Douglas Cockroft - Born: May 27, 1897
English Physicist who won the Nobel Prize in 1951 for his work in developing Radar

14. Patrick White - Born: May 28, 1912
Australian novelist, winner of the 1973 Nobel Prize in Literature

15. Thomas Mann - Born: June 6, 1875
Nobel Prize-winning German Author ( The Magic Mountain; Budenbrooks; Doktor Faustus )

16. Robert Mulliken - Born: June 7, 1896
Nobel Prize-winning American Chemist and Physicist

17. Francis Crick - Born: June 8, 1916
English scientist who shared a Nobel Prize for the discovery of the Structure of DNA

18. Saul Bellow - Born: June 10, 1914
Pulitzer and Nobel Prize-winning Canadian Author ( Herzog; Humboldt's Gift )

19. Sir Ernest Boris Chain - Born: June 19, 1906
German-born Biochemist who shared the 1945 Nobel Prize in Medicine for his work on isolating penicillin

20. Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins - Born: June 20, 1861
English Biochemist, join recipient of the 1929 Nobel Prize in medicine for the discovery of Vitamins

21. Luigi Pirandello - Born: June 28, 1867
Nobel Prize-winning Italian Author and play wright ( Six characters in search of on Author )

22. Czeslaw Milosz - Born: June 30, 1911
Nobel Prize-winning Polish-born Poet ( A Poem for the End of the Century; So Little; Esse )

23. John Northorp - Born: July 5, 1891
American Biochemist whose work with Crystallized enzymes won him the Nobel Prize in 1946

24. Dalai Lama ( Lhamo Dhondrup ) - Born: July 6, 1935
Fourteen Dulai Lama, Tibetan Sipritual Leader, and Nobel Peace Prize Winner

25. Pablo Neruda - Born: July 12, 1904
Chilean Nobel Prize-winning Poet

26. Rosalyn Yalow - Born: July 19, 1921
Nobel Prize-winning American Physicist

27. Ernest Hemingway - Born: July 21, 1899
American Pulitzer and Nobel Prize-winning Author ( The Sun also Rises; For Whom the Bell Tolls; A Farewell to Arms )

28. Elias Canetti - Born: July 25, 1905
British Nobel Prize-winning Author ( Crowds and Power )

29. George Berned Shaw - Born: July 26, 1856
Irish Nobel Prize-winning Dramatist ( Pygmalion )

30. Giosue Carducci - Born: July 27, 1835
Italian Nobel Prize-winning Poet

31. Irene Joliot-Curie - Born: September 12, 1897
French Nuclear Physicist, join winner of the 1935 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, daughter of Nobel Prize winner Pierre and Marie Curie

32. Lord Robert Cecil - Born: September 14, 1864
English founder of the League of Nations and its President ( 1923-45 ), winner of the Nobel Peace Prize

33. Sir Howard Walter Florey - Born: September 24, 1898
Australian Nobel Prize-winning Pathologist

34. Jimmy Carter - Born: October 1, 1924
39th US President ( 1977-81 ) winner of the Nobel Peace Prize ( 2001 )

35. Jane Addams - Born: September 6, 1860
American Social Worker who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931

36. Edward Appleton - Born: September 6, 1892
English Physicist and 1947 Nobel Prize winner after whom the Appleton Layer of the ionsphere is named

37. Frederic Mistral - Born: September 8, 1830
French Poet, winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature ( 1904 )

38. Arthur Compton - Born: September 10, 1892
American Physicist who won the Nobel Prize in physics ( 1927 )

39. Isidor Isaac Rabi - Born: July 29, 1898
Austrian Nobel Prize-winning Physicist who explored the atom

40. Milton Friedman - Born: July 31, 1912
American Nobel Prize-winning Economist

41. Sir Alexander Fleming - Born: August 6, 1881
Nobel Prize-winning Scottish Bacteriologist who discovered Penicillin

42. Ralph Bunche - Born: August 7, 1904
American United Nations under-Secretary who was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1950 for developing and implementing the mediation principles that new govern all UN Peacekeeping efforts

43. John Galsworthy - Born: August 14, 1867
English Nobel Prize-winning Author ( The Forsyte Saga )

44. Salvadore Quasimodo - Born: August 20, 1901
Nobel Prize-winning Italian Poet

45. Emil Kocher - Born: August 25, 1841
Swiss Surgeon who won the Nobel Prize in 1909 for his pioneering work on the thyroid gland

46. Sir Hans Adolf Krebs - Born: August 25, 1900
German Biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in 1953 for his discovery of co-enzyme A

47. Mother Teresa ( Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu ) - Born: August 27, 1910
Yogoslavian Missionary of Calcutta, India, who won the Nobel Prize in 1971

48. George Hoyt Whipple - Born: August 28, 1878
American Astrophysicist who won the Nobel Prize in 1934

49. Ernest Rutherford - Born: August 30, 1871
New Zealand-born English Physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1908 for discovering the atomic nucleus

50. George Beadle - Born: October 22, 1903
American Biologist who won a Nobel Prize in medicine for his work in Genetic Research

51. Sir William Ramsay - Born: October 2, 1852
Scottish Chemist, first British winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry

52. Fridtjof Nansen - Born: October 10, 1861
Norwegian Arctic explorer and Humanitarian who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1922

53. Eugene O'Neill - Born: October 16, 1888
American Nobel and Pulitzer Prize-winning Playwright ( Long Days Journey into Night; Desire Under the Elims; Mourning Becomes Electra )

54. Rudyand Kipling - December 30, 1865
Nobel Prize-winning Indian-born English Author and Poet ( The Jungle Book; Captain's Caurageus; Gunga Din; If )

55. Marie Curie - Born: November 7, 1867
Nobel Prize-winning Polish-born French Physicist and Chemist who co-discovered the elements polonium and radium and coined the term Radioactivity

56. Albert Camus - Born: November 7, 1913
Nobel Prize-winning French Philosopher and Author ( The Stranger )

57. Sir J.J. Thomson - Born: December 18, 1856
Nobel Prize-winning English Physicist who discovered the electron

58. Frank Billings Kellogg - Born: December 22, 1856
Nobel Peace Prize-winning US Secretary of States

59. Winston Churchill - Born: 1874
Nobel Prize-winning Britain

60. Daw Aung San Su Kyi - Born: 1945
Nobel Peace Prize winner in 1991, Myanmar

61. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela - Born: 1918
Nobel Peace Prize winner in 1993, South Africa

Source: World History

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