1953
Winston Churchill : United Kingdom : Language - English : for his mastery of historical and biographical describtion as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values.
1954
Ernest Hemingway : United States : Language - English : for his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in The Old Man and the Sea, and for the influence that he has exerted on contamporary style.
1955
Halldor Laxness : Iceland : Language - Icelandic : for his vivid epic power which has renewed the great narrative art of Iceland.
1956
Juan Ramon Jimenez : Spain : Language - Spanish : for his lyrical poetry, which in Spainish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical purity.
1957
Albert Camus : France : Language - French : for his important literary production, which with clear sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times.
1958
Boris Pasternak : Soviet Union : Language - Russian : for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition.
1959
Salvatore Quasimodo : Italy : Language - Italian : for his lyrical poetry, which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times.
1960
Saint-John Perse : France Language - French : for the soaring flight and the evocative imagery of his poetry which in a visionary fashion reflects the conditions of our times.
1961
Ivo Andric : Yugoslavia : Language - Serbo-Croat : for the epic force with which he has trace themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the history of his country.
1962
John Steinbeck : United States : Language - English : for his realistic and imaginative writings, combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception.
1963
Giorgos Seferis : Greece : Language - Greek : for his eminent lyrical writing, inspired by a deep feeling for the Hellenic world of culture.
1964
Jean-Paul Sartre : France : Language - French : for his work which, rich in ideas and filled with the spirit of freedom and the quest for truth, has exerted a far-reaching influence on our age.
1965
Mikhail Sholokhov : Soviet Union : Language - Russian : for the artistic power and integrity with which, in his epic of the Don, he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people.
1966
Shmuel Yosef Agnon : Israel : Language - Hebrew : for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people.
Nelly Sachs : Germany/Sweden : Language - German : for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing,which interprets Israel's density with touching strength.
1967
Miguel Angel Asturias : Guatemala : Language - Spanish : for his vivid litrary achievement, deep-rooted in the national traits and traditions of Indian people of Latin America.
1968
Yasunari Kawabata : Japan : Language - Japanese : for his narrative mastery, which with great sensibility expresses the essence of the Japanese mind.
1969
Samuel Beckett : Ireland : Language - English/French : for his writing, which - in new forms for the novel and drama - in the destitution of modern man acquiresits elevation.
1970
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn : Soviet Union : Language - Russian : for the ethical forcewith which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian Literature.
1971
Pablo Neruda : Chile : Language - Spanish : for a poetry that with the action of an elemental force brings alive a continent's destiny and dreams.
1972
Heinrich Boll : West Germany : Language - German : for his writing which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of German literature.
1973
Patrick White : Australia : Language - English : for an epic and psychological narrative art which has introduced a new continent into literature.
1974
Eyvind Johnson : Sweden : Language - Swedish : for a narrative art, farseeing and lands and ages, in the service of freedom.
Harry Martinson : Sweden : Language - Swedish : for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos.
1975
Eugenio Montale : Italy : Language - Italian : for his distinctive poetry which, with great artistic sensitivity, has interpreted human values under the sign of an outlook on life with no illusions.
1976
Saul Bellow : Canada/United States : Language - English : for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work.
1977
Vicente Aleixandre : Spain : Language - Spanish : for a creative poetic writing which illuminates man's condition in the cosmos and in present-day society, at the same time representing the great renewal of traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars.
1978
Isaac Bashevis Singer : Poland/United States : Language - Yiddish : for his impassioned narrative art which, with roots in a Polish-Jewish culture tradition, brings universal human conditions to life.
1979
Odysseas Elytis : Greece : Language - Greek : for his poetry, which, against the background of Greek tradition, depicts with sensuous strength and intellectual clear-sightedness modern man's struggle for freedom and creativeness.
1980
Czestaw Milosz : Poland/United States/Lithuania : Language - Polish : who with uncompromising clear-sightedness voices man's exposed condition on a world of severe conflicts.
1981
Elias Canetti : Bulgaria/United Kingdom : Language - German : for writings marked by a broad outlook, a wealth of ideas and artistic power.
1982
Gabriel Garcia Marquez : Colombia : Language - Sapnish : for his novels and short stories, in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination, reflecting a continent's life and conflicts.
1983
William Golding : United Kingdom : Language - English : for his novels which, with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth, illuminate the human condition in the world of today.
1984
Jaroslav Seifert : Czechoslovekia : Language - Czech : for his poetry which indowed with freshness, and rich inventiveness provides a liberating image of the indomitable spirit and versatility of man.
1985
Claude Simon : France : Language - French : who in his novel combines the poet's and the painter's creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the depiction of the human condition.
1986
Wole Soyinka : Nigeria : Language - English : in a wide cultural prespective with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existance.
1987
Joseph Brodsky : Soviet Union/United States : Language - Russian/English : for an all-embracing authorship, imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity.
1988
Naguib Mahfouz : Egypt : Language - Arabic : who, through works rich in nuance - now clear-sightedly realistic, now evocatively ambiguous - has formed an Arabian narrative art that applies to all mankind.
1989
Camilo Jose Cela : Spain : Language - Spanish : for a rich and intensive prose, which with restrained compasion forms a challenging vision of man's vulnerability.
1990
Octavio Paz : Mexico : Language - Spanish : for impessioned writing with wide horizons, characterized by sensuous intelligence and humanistic intergrity.
1991
Nadine Gordimer : South Africa : Language - English : who through her magnificent epic writing has - in the words of Alfred Nobel - been of very great benefit to humanity.
1992
Derek Walcott : Saint Lucia : Language - English : for a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity, sustained by a historical vision, the outcome of a multicultural commitment.
1993
Toni Morrison : United States : Language - English : who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import, gives life to ab essential aspect of American reality.
1994
Kenzaburo Oe : Japan : Language - Japanese : who with poetic force creates an imagined world, where life and myth condense to form a disconcerting picture of the human predicament today.
1995
Seamus Heaney : Ireland : Language - English : for works of lyrical bewauty and ethical deph, which exalt everyday miracles and the living past.
1996
Wislawa Szymborska : Poland : Language - Polish : for poetry that with ironic presision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality.
1997
Dario Fo : Italy : Language - Italian : who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the downtrodden.
1998
Jose Saramago : Portugal : Language - Portuguese : who with parables sustained by imagination, compassion and irony continually enables us once again to apprehend an elusory reality.
1999
Gunter Grass : Germany : Language - German : whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history.
2000
Gao Xingjain : People's Republic of China/France : Language - Chinese : for an oeurve of universal validity, bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity, which has opened new paths for the Chinese novel and drama.
2001
V. S. Naipaul : Trinidad and Tobago/United Kingdom : Language - English : for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel os to see the presence of suppressed histories.
2002
Imre Kertesz : Hungary : Language - Hungarian : for writing that upholds fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history.
2003
J. M. Coetzee : South Africa/Australia : Language - English : who innumerable guises portrays the suprising involvement of the outsider.
2004
Elfriede Jelinek : Austria : Language - German : for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society's cliches and their subjugating power.
2005
Harold Pinter : United Kingdom : Language - English : who in his plays uncovers the percipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed rooms.
2006
Orhan Pamuk : Turkey : Language - Turkish : who in the quest for the melancholic soul of his native city has discoverd new symbols for the clash and interlacing of cultures.
2007
Doris Lessing : United Kingdom : Language - English : that epicist of the female experience, who with scepticism, fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny.
Winston Churchill : United Kingdom : Language - English : for his mastery of historical and biographical describtion as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values.
1954
Ernest Hemingway : United States : Language - English : for his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in The Old Man and the Sea, and for the influence that he has exerted on contamporary style.
1955
Halldor Laxness : Iceland : Language - Icelandic : for his vivid epic power which has renewed the great narrative art of Iceland.
1956
Juan Ramon Jimenez : Spain : Language - Spanish : for his lyrical poetry, which in Spainish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical purity.
1957
Albert Camus : France : Language - French : for his important literary production, which with clear sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times.
1958
Boris Pasternak : Soviet Union : Language - Russian : for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition.
1959
Salvatore Quasimodo : Italy : Language - Italian : for his lyrical poetry, which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times.
1960
Saint-John Perse : France Language - French : for the soaring flight and the evocative imagery of his poetry which in a visionary fashion reflects the conditions of our times.
1961
Ivo Andric : Yugoslavia : Language - Serbo-Croat : for the epic force with which he has trace themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the history of his country.
1962
John Steinbeck : United States : Language - English : for his realistic and imaginative writings, combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception.
1963
Giorgos Seferis : Greece : Language - Greek : for his eminent lyrical writing, inspired by a deep feeling for the Hellenic world of culture.
1964
Jean-Paul Sartre : France : Language - French : for his work which, rich in ideas and filled with the spirit of freedom and the quest for truth, has exerted a far-reaching influence on our age.
1965
Mikhail Sholokhov : Soviet Union : Language - Russian : for the artistic power and integrity with which, in his epic of the Don, he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people.
1966
Shmuel Yosef Agnon : Israel : Language - Hebrew : for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people.
Nelly Sachs : Germany/Sweden : Language - German : for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing,which interprets Israel's density with touching strength.
1967
Miguel Angel Asturias : Guatemala : Language - Spanish : for his vivid litrary achievement, deep-rooted in the national traits and traditions of Indian people of Latin America.
1968
Yasunari Kawabata : Japan : Language - Japanese : for his narrative mastery, which with great sensibility expresses the essence of the Japanese mind.
1969
Samuel Beckett : Ireland : Language - English/French : for his writing, which - in new forms for the novel and drama - in the destitution of modern man acquiresits elevation.
1970
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn : Soviet Union : Language - Russian : for the ethical forcewith which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian Literature.
1971
Pablo Neruda : Chile : Language - Spanish : for a poetry that with the action of an elemental force brings alive a continent's destiny and dreams.
1972
Heinrich Boll : West Germany : Language - German : for his writing which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of German literature.
1973
Patrick White : Australia : Language - English : for an epic and psychological narrative art which has introduced a new continent into literature.
1974
Eyvind Johnson : Sweden : Language - Swedish : for a narrative art, farseeing and lands and ages, in the service of freedom.
Harry Martinson : Sweden : Language - Swedish : for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos.
1975
Eugenio Montale : Italy : Language - Italian : for his distinctive poetry which, with great artistic sensitivity, has interpreted human values under the sign of an outlook on life with no illusions.
1976
Saul Bellow : Canada/United States : Language - English : for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work.
1977
Vicente Aleixandre : Spain : Language - Spanish : for a creative poetic writing which illuminates man's condition in the cosmos and in present-day society, at the same time representing the great renewal of traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars.
1978
Isaac Bashevis Singer : Poland/United States : Language - Yiddish : for his impassioned narrative art which, with roots in a Polish-Jewish culture tradition, brings universal human conditions to life.
1979
Odysseas Elytis : Greece : Language - Greek : for his poetry, which, against the background of Greek tradition, depicts with sensuous strength and intellectual clear-sightedness modern man's struggle for freedom and creativeness.
1980
Czestaw Milosz : Poland/United States/Lithuania : Language - Polish : who with uncompromising clear-sightedness voices man's exposed condition on a world of severe conflicts.
1981
Elias Canetti : Bulgaria/United Kingdom : Language - German : for writings marked by a broad outlook, a wealth of ideas and artistic power.
1982
Gabriel Garcia Marquez : Colombia : Language - Sapnish : for his novels and short stories, in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination, reflecting a continent's life and conflicts.
1983
William Golding : United Kingdom : Language - English : for his novels which, with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth, illuminate the human condition in the world of today.
1984
Jaroslav Seifert : Czechoslovekia : Language - Czech : for his poetry which indowed with freshness, and rich inventiveness provides a liberating image of the indomitable spirit and versatility of man.
1985
Claude Simon : France : Language - French : who in his novel combines the poet's and the painter's creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the depiction of the human condition.
1986
Wole Soyinka : Nigeria : Language - English : in a wide cultural prespective with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existance.
1987
Joseph Brodsky : Soviet Union/United States : Language - Russian/English : for an all-embracing authorship, imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity.
1988
Naguib Mahfouz : Egypt : Language - Arabic : who, through works rich in nuance - now clear-sightedly realistic, now evocatively ambiguous - has formed an Arabian narrative art that applies to all mankind.
1989
Camilo Jose Cela : Spain : Language - Spanish : for a rich and intensive prose, which with restrained compasion forms a challenging vision of man's vulnerability.
1990
Octavio Paz : Mexico : Language - Spanish : for impessioned writing with wide horizons, characterized by sensuous intelligence and humanistic intergrity.
1991
Nadine Gordimer : South Africa : Language - English : who through her magnificent epic writing has - in the words of Alfred Nobel - been of very great benefit to humanity.
1992
Derek Walcott : Saint Lucia : Language - English : for a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity, sustained by a historical vision, the outcome of a multicultural commitment.
1993
Toni Morrison : United States : Language - English : who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import, gives life to ab essential aspect of American reality.
1994
Kenzaburo Oe : Japan : Language - Japanese : who with poetic force creates an imagined world, where life and myth condense to form a disconcerting picture of the human predicament today.
1995
Seamus Heaney : Ireland : Language - English : for works of lyrical bewauty and ethical deph, which exalt everyday miracles and the living past.
1996
Wislawa Szymborska : Poland : Language - Polish : for poetry that with ironic presision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality.
1997
Dario Fo : Italy : Language - Italian : who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the downtrodden.
1998
Jose Saramago : Portugal : Language - Portuguese : who with parables sustained by imagination, compassion and irony continually enables us once again to apprehend an elusory reality.
1999
Gunter Grass : Germany : Language - German : whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history.
2000
Gao Xingjain : People's Republic of China/France : Language - Chinese : for an oeurve of universal validity, bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity, which has opened new paths for the Chinese novel and drama.
2001
V. S. Naipaul : Trinidad and Tobago/United Kingdom : Language - English : for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel os to see the presence of suppressed histories.
2002
Imre Kertesz : Hungary : Language - Hungarian : for writing that upholds fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history.
2003
J. M. Coetzee : South Africa/Australia : Language - English : who innumerable guises portrays the suprising involvement of the outsider.
2004
Elfriede Jelinek : Austria : Language - German : for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society's cliches and their subjugating power.
2005
Harold Pinter : United Kingdom : Language - English : who in his plays uncovers the percipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed rooms.
2006
Orhan Pamuk : Turkey : Language - Turkish : who in the quest for the melancholic soul of his native city has discoverd new symbols for the clash and interlacing of cultures.
2007
Doris Lessing : United Kingdom : Language - English : that epicist of the female experience, who with scepticism, fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny.
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